archlinux安装记录

详细安装教程请参考arch wiki Installation guide (简体中文),此处只记录安装后遇到的问题.

暗影精灵2 PRO 静音LED不起作用和左边耳机会有噼里啪啦声:
具体解决方法我已经写到archwiki里了,请看: Laptop/HP#HP_Omen_15_ax210TX

grub更新菜单

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

安装os-prober让grub检测到其他系统并自动创建引导

pacman -S os-prober

使用system-boot(就是直接使用linux内核引导系统,不再需要grub,如果有多系统不推荐,会把efi分区搞得很乱):

pacman -S efibootmgr dosfstools
# 此处注意:此处要把efi分区挂载为/boot,而非平常的/boot/efi
bootctl install --path=/boot

关于efi的部分可以看我的另一贴.

arch 安装应用后应用菜单不刷新怎么办(这个正常情况是不会遇到的,只是刚装完有些功能不完整会这样,我就遇到了):

kbuildsycoca5 --noincremental

新增用户^[1]:
首先添加一个用户，并把它加到wheel组

useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash  [用户名]

然后为这个用户设置密码

passwd [用户名]

最后设置wheel组的用户能用sudo获取root权限:

visudo
    #找到这样的一行,把前面的#去掉:
    #%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
按ESC键，输入x!回车就可以保存并退出

关闭NetworkManager网络检查(ping.archlinux.org有时候会被墙-_-)
NetworkManager#Checking_connectivity

启用dhcp自动获取网络地址,不然开机无法自动联网

systemctl enable dhcpcd.service

如果只使用有线网络可以使用Systemd-networkd
——以下已包含dhcp的功能,下面两条命令包括上面那个的功能——

pacman -s networkmanager
systemctl enable NetworkManager  
# 启动这个后开机有个NetworkManager-wait-online会占用大概6s的时间,嫌慢的可以屏蔽
systemctl mask NetworkManager-wait-online

安装一个图形界面,比如kde

pacman -S plasma-desktop
systemctl start sddm.service

缩略图生成
若要在桌面和 Dolphin 内为媒体或文档文件生成缩略图，安装 kdegraphics-thumbnailers，ffmpegthumbs。

pacman -S kdegraphics-thumbnailers ffmpegthumbs

一些gtk应用的plasma panel托盘图标模糊且右键菜单比较奇怪
解决方法: 安装libappindicator-gtk3 libappindicator-gtk2

pacman -S libappindicator-gtk3 libappindicator-gtk2

安装一个终端,不然进入图形界面只能进tty输入命令

pacman -S konsole

无法检测到蓝牙适配器:
安装bluez,bluez-utils

pacman -S bluez bluez-utils

首先确定内核的蓝牙模块已载入

modinfo btusb

如果没有的话就是没载入,手动载入:

modprobe btusb

开启bluetooth服务

systemctl start bluetooth
# 开机自启
systemctl enable bluetooth

开机后自动启动:
修改 /etc/bluetooth/main.conf

[Policy]
# 这一句的注释删除 并将false改成true
AutoEnable=true

已知问题:
有时候会崩溃,且无法找到蓝牙适配器,使用dmesg查看错误日志.

蓝牙耳机可能载入模块失败

pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
Failure: Module initialization failed

临时解决方法:

pactl unload-module  module-bluetooth-discover
pactl   load-module  module-bluetooth-discover

长期解决方法^[2]:

Edit the file:

/etc/pulse/default.pa

and comment out (with an # at the beginning of the line) the following line:

#load-module module-bluetooth-discover

now edit the file:

/usr/bin/start-pulseaudio-x11

and after the lines:

if [ x”$SESSION_MANAGER” != x ] ; then
     /usr/bin/pactl load-module module-x11-xsmp “display=$DISPLAY session_manager=$SESSION_MANAGER” > /dev/null
 fi

add the following line:

/usr/bin/pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover

This way the Pulse audio’s Bluetooth modules will not be downloaded at boot time but after x11 is started.

字体优化:
有些字体可能看不见,比如𫔭𪠸 :

#安装 ttf-hanazono ttf-ume(mincho) 字体
pacman -S ttf-hanazono ttf-ume

不要使用noto和思源黑体的亚洲字体整合包,因为会优先使用日语字体,造成中文大小不一,尽量下载思源黑体的分开的字体包,然后在~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf中将中文的思源黑体设置为第一个,具体设置参考Font_configuration

解决DNS污染问题:
安装dnscrypt-proxy 具体方法参见arch wiki dnscrypt-proxy,使用dnsmasq-china-list排除中国域名

arch 使用pyhon-dlib会提示Undefined symbol: cblas_dtrsm
使用aur或archlinuxcn中的openblas-lapack-git代替pacman源中的cblas,貌似源中的cblas版本太低

自动清除pacman的缓存:
创建/usr/share/libalpm/hooks/clean-pacman-cache.hook

[Trigger]
Operation = Remove
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Type = Package
Target = *

[Action]
Description = Cleaning up old packages...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/paccache -rvk3

ext4分区优化:

有备用电源或者笔记本可以关闭ext4的barriers具体方法参考Ext4#Turning_barriers_off

调整内核的I/O调度Improving_performance#Changing_I/O_scheduler
The process to change I/O scheduler, depending on whether the disk is rotating or not can be automated and persist across reboots. For example the udev rule below sets the scheduler to none for NVMe, mq-deadline for SSD/eMMC, and bfq for rotational drives:

/etc/udev/rules.d/60-ioschedulers.rules

# set scheduler for NVMe
ACTION=="add|change", KERNEL=="nvme[0-9]n[0-9]", ATTR{queue/scheduler}="none"
# set scheduler for SSD and eMMC
ACTION=="add|change", KERNEL=="sd[a-z]|mmcblk[0-9]*", ATTR{queue/rotational}=="0", ATTR{queue/scheduler}="mq-deadline"
# set scheduler for rotating disks
ACTION=="add|change", KERNEL=="sd[a-z]", ATTR{queue/rotational}=="1", ATTR{queue/scheduler}="bfq"

deadbeef-git 打开提示plugin cdda.so not found or failed to load
解决方法: 安装 libcddb libcdio

pacman -S libcddb libcdio

使用anime4k会提示缺少openCL库,安装ocl-icd

pacman -S ocl-icd

开启powertop的自动优化节省电量:

#安装powertop
pacman -S powertop
#开机自动启用
vim /etc/systemd/system/powertop.service
#填入以下内容
[Unit]
Description=Powertop tunings

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/powertop --auto-tune && echo 'on'
RemainAfterExit=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# 启用
systemctl enable powertop.service

以下shell是禁用usb的休眠,不然鼠标用起来很难受(注意:每个电脑的命令都不同,请自行用powertop查看相应的命令)

# Autosuspend for USB device USB Optical Mouse [PixArt]
echo 'on' > '/sys/bus/usb/devices/1-1/power/control';
# Autosuspend for USB device HP Wide Vision HD [Generic]
echo 'on' > '/sys/bus/usb/devices/1-4/power/control';
# Autosuspend for USB device xHCI Host Controller [usb1]
echo 'on' > '/sys/bus/usb/devices/usb1/power/control';
# Autosuspend for USB device xHCI Host Controller [usb2]
echo 'on' > '/sys/bus/usb/devices/usb2/power/control';
# Autosuspend for unknown USB device 1-7 (8087:0a2a)
echo 'on' > '/sys/bus/usb/devices/1-7/power/control';

rider 需要安装moon(.net framework/.net core)

pacman -S moon

服务端需要mono-xsp,使用aur安装:

yay -S xsp

vscode 开发asp.net:
安装 moon dotnet

pacman -S moon dotnet-sdk

dotnet 安装 dotnet-dev-certs 生成证书:

dotnet tool install --global dotnet-dev-certs

export要加入.bashrc 或者每次开始前执行

export PATH="$PATH:/home/[user]/.dotnet/tools"

生成证书

dotnet dev-certs https

如果想卸载

dotnet tool uninstall --global dotnet-dev-certs

编译汇编语言需要安装nasm

pacman -S nasm

chrome/chromium 即使已经设置为默认浏览器也会提示设置为默认浏览器:
解决方法:

What has worked for me is go to Settings -> Applications -> File Associations and there, filter with html. Then for the entries xhtml+xml and html, you can move Google Chrome to the first position of the preference order.^[3]

个人测试只要把xhtml+xml的默认开启最高优先级应用设置为chromium/chrome就行了

archLinux进行openGl的开发
安装glfw-x11 glad-c-git

yay -S glfw-x11 glad-c-git

open GL导入现有模型时需要安装assimp:

pacman -S assimp

顺便推荐一个glsl的教程: LearnOpenGL CN

python使用tkinter需要安装tk库:

pacman -S tk

kde设置三指手势:

pacman -S gebaar xdotool

手动安装mariadb:
运行mariadb/scripts/mariadb-install-db

设置路径(提示失败路径更改成功):

./mysqld --datadir="./data" --langdir="./mysql/share" --basedir="./data/base"

最后

You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='./data'

You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

使用redash:
安装docker-compose(此处可改docker的root目录,建议谷歌), 手动安装时需要临时使用pwgen生成密钥,安装完成后可卸载.
安装时参考ubuntu的安装脚本稍微改改就行了

pacman -S docker-compose pwgen
pacman -Rs pwgen

遇到以下问题:

Possibly missing firmware for module: aic94xx
 Possibly missing firmware for module: wd719x

直接使用aur中提供的驱动:

yay -S aic94xx-firmware wd719x-firmware

为kde spellChecker添加字典:

sudo pacman -S hunspell-en_US

wine-wechat 数据文件:

==> WeChat data will be put into ~/.local/lib/wine-wechat when needed.
==> run 'wechat --config' if you want to adjust DPI settings.

wine-wechat 运行要保证当前运行环境变量为中文,否则无法显示中文字体,即使wine装了中文字体:

LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8 wechat

使用此Wine-QQ-TIM项目的QQ或者TIM乱码,缺少字体:

sudo pacman -S wqy-microhei

耳机电流声:

Troubleshooting#Glitches,_skips_or_crackling

The newer implementation of the PulseAudio sound server uses timer-based audio scheduling instead of the traditional, interrupt-driven approach.

Timer-based scheduling may expose issues in some ALSA drivers. On the other hand, other drivers might be glitchy without it on, so check to see what works on your system.

To turn timer-based scheduling off add tsched=0 in /etc/pulse/default.pa:

/etc/pulse/default.pa

load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0

Then restart the PulseAudio server:

$ pulseaudio -k
$ pulseaudio --start

Troubleshooting#Static_noise_when_using_headphones

Static noise when using headphones

Time-based scheduling may be causing this, disable it as explained in #Glitches, skips or crackling.

Another reason you are encountering static noise in your headphone jack could be ALSA's loopback mixing.

Make sure you have alsa-utils installed, launch alsamixer, then select your audio device (pressing F6}), navigate all the way left using the left arrow, and stop on Loopback, if Enabled disable it using the down arrow. This should not impact audio playback or microphone recording negatively, unless you require loopback mixing.

Some notebook models, like Dell XPS 13 9360, suffer from continuous hissing sound when a headphone is plugged in.

Yet another reason for this symptom could be the power-saving mode of your audio device.[10] If you followed Power management#Audio, revert the changes and check if it solves the problem.

开启alsa的噪音消减模块:

Troubleshooting#Enable_Echo.2FNoise-Cancellation

Arch does not load the Pulseaudio Echo-Cancellation module by default, therefore, we have to add it in /etc/pulse/default.pa. First you can test if the module is present with pacmd and entering list-modules. If you cannot find a line showing name: <module-echo-cancel> you have to add

/etc/pulse/default.pa

### Enable Echo/Noise-Cancellation
load-module module-echo-cancel use_master_format=1 aec_method=webrtc aec_args="analog_gain_control=0\ digital_gain_control=1" source_name=echoCancel_source sink_name=echoCancel_sink
set-default-source echoCancel_source
set-default-sink echoCancel_sink

then restart Pulseaudio

$ pulseaudio -k
$ pulseaudio --start

kde discover 无法使用pacman backend
discover 使用了 packagekit,使用 pkcon 需要root权限,按理来说packagekit会自动获取root且无需输入密码,但discover无法获取root已无法已root用户运行,问题未知,放弃解决
解决方法:
卸载discover packagekit packagekit-qt5
新安装的话索性不装就行了

2020年2月4日已解决,重新安装后好了,可能之前是bug,现在修复好了

C++使用openCV:

pacman -S opencv
# vtk和hdf5为openCV的依赖 不安装会编译失败
sudo pacman -S vtk
sudo pacman -Ss hdf5
# cmake用来生成makefile
pacman -S cmake

traceroute:

#目前使用了ipip.net 的besttrace
pacman -S besttrace

wine 错误
0009:err:module:load_so_dll failed to load .so lib "/usr/bin/../lib32/wine/l3codeca.acm.so": libmpg123.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决方法:
sudo pacman -S lib32-mpg123

包含中国国内软件的winetricks-zh

pacman -S winetricks-zh

qq軽聊版需要库:

sudo pacman -S lib32-libpulse

ark 解压7z和rar

查看可选依赖
pacman -Qi ark
支持7z
sudo pacman -S p7zip
支持rar
sudo pacman -S unrar

plasma的鼠标样式有时候会不应用在标题栏和其他地方

I had a similar problem on Arch.

Try edit /usr/share/icons/default/index.theme

Replace: Inherits=Adwaita

to: Inherits=breeze_cursors

This will change the cursor to the dark breeze, I don't know the name of the white cursor.

[Plasma 5] Cursor icon changes to the “KDE Classic” theme when hovering over a windows title bar/resizing it etc?
Cursor_themes_(简体中文)#XDG_规则

plasma自带的虚拟桌面指示有些bug而且不好看,代替默认虚拟桌面的指示

yay -S plasma5-applets-virtual-desktop-bar-git

为arch添加command not found

sudo pacman -S pkgfile

更新command-not-found数据库

pkgfile -U

最后在~/.bashrc添加

source /usr/share/doc/pkgfile/command-not-found.bash

nethogs: 按进程查看流量占用

coc中c语言自动补全,需要安装ccls:

sudo pacman -S ccls

此方法参考自用户添加
此方法参考自 PulseAudio can not load bluetooth module
此方法来自 Plasma wont set Chromium as default browser